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Notes
[1]
See the extended discussion of the notional connection between
liberty in thought and libertinism in behaviour found in
Robert Darnton, Forbidden Bestsellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (London: Fontana
Press, 1996).
[2]
Mariano Montilla to D.F. O’Leary (Cartagena, 25 March 1828)
in Montilla 1982: 161 II: 657; Ducoudray-Holstein 1829: 178.
[3]
Austin
1985: xviii; Walton 2002: 47.
[4]
Porter, a heavily fermented, strong, dark beer, originated in
London
in the 1720s but was perfected by Arthur Guinness in
Ireland
and reinforced the English tendency to link drunkenness with
the Irish people.
[5]
Kopperman 1996: 460; Warner 2002: 63. See also: W.J.
Rorabaugh, The Alcoholic Republic, An American Tradition, (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1979); Peter Clark, The
English Alehouse, A Social History 1200-1830, (London:
Longman, 1983); William F. Bynum, 'Chronic Alcoholism in the
First Half of the 19th Century', Bulletin
of the History of Medicine 42 (1968): 160-185; Joseph
Hirsh, 'Enlightened Eighteenth-Century Views of the Alcohol
Problem', Journal of the
History of Medicine 4 (1949): 230-236.
[6]
A good overview of events can be found in Alfred Hasbrouck, Foreign
Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish America (New
York: Octagon Books, 1969) and Carlos García Arrieche, 'La
Legión Británica en la emancipación de Venezuela y
Colombia' in Boletín
Histórico 27 (September 1971): 346-395.
[7]
The Morning Chronicle
reported on the Irish soldiers’ and patriots’ burning of
Riohacha around the same time as the events of Peterloo
revealed the intensity of lower-class discontent in Great
Britain, Morning
Chronicle (Tuesday, 25 July 1820).
[8]
Charles Phillips, Phillip’s
Speech on South American
Liberty
. The Speech of C. Phillips, Esq., as Delivered... at
Morrison’s Hotel,
Dublin
, August 1819 (London: George Hebert, 1819).
[9]
Narrative of a Voyage to
the Spanish Main in the Ship ‘Two Friends' (
London
: 1819), pp.9-11, 36-37; Recollections
of a Service of Three Years during the War-of-Extermination in
the Republics of
Venezuela
and
Colombia
(London: Hunt and Clarke, 1828), p.72
[10]
Regimental Order dated (San Fernando, 2 May 1818) and
reprinted on p.585.
[11]
Kopperman 1996: 455; Trotter 1804: 5-6.
[12]
Ducoudray-Holstein 1829: 214; Cuervo Márquez 1938 I:190.
[13]
Montilla to Diego Urbaneja (Riohacha, 20 March 1820), Homenaje,
II: 1002.
[14]
Montilla to the Duke of Manchester (April 1820) quoted in
Cuervo Márquez 1938 I: 396; Montilla to
Santander
(Barranquilla, 30 July 1820) in Homenaje,
II:690. John DeCourcy
Ireland
notes that the Irish Legion was disbanded for 'indiscipline'
in 1819, 'Soldiers and Seamen', p.299.
[15]
Bolívar to
Santander
(Trujillo, 29 November 1820), in Simón Bolívar, Selected
Writings of Simón
Bolívar (New York: Colonial Press, 1951), I: 245. The
meeting is also described in Ernesto Castillero, 'Los
libertadores de Colombia y Venezuela vistos por un oficial de
la Legión Británica' in Boletín
de la Academia Nacional de la Historia 46 October-1946):
pp.22-23.
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